PERSONAL DETAILS
Name: Abraham Allan Degen
Date of Birth: July 25, 1946
Place of Birth: Breslow, Poland
Marital Status: Married, 1968 + 2 sons
Address (work): Desert Animal Adaptations and Husbandry, Wyler Department of Dryland Agriculture, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
Tel (office): 972-8-6460515; E-mail: degen@bgu.ac.il
Address (home): Eucalyptus 13, Omer 84965, Israel - Tel: 972-8-6469199
Citizenship: Israeli, Canadian
EDUCATION
B.Sc. 1967, Sir George Williams University, Montreal, Canada, Department of Biology (Major in biology).
M.Sc. 1971, McGill University, Montreal, Canada, Department of Animal Science (Animal physiology). Recipient of National Research Council of Canada Scholarship (1969-1971).
Ph.D. 1976, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel, Department of Zoology. Recipient of Levi Eshkol Scholarship (1973-1976).
EMPLOYMENT HISTORY
1980-1986 Lecturer, environmental animal physiology. Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev.
1986-1992 Senior lecturer, environmental animal physiology. Desert Animal Adaptations and Husbandry, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev.
1985- Head, Desert Animal Adaptations and Husbandry, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev.
1992-1997 Associate professor, environmental animal physiology. Desert Animal Adaptations and Husbandry, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev.
1997- Professor, environmental animal physiology. Desert Animal Adaptations and Husbandry, Wyler Department of Dryland Agriculture, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev.
2001-2004 Chairman of Department, Wyler Department of Dryland Agriculture, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev.
EDITORIAL BOARDS
1999-2007 Editor-in-Chief, Israel Journal of Zoology, Laser Pages Publishing Limited, Jerusalem.
2007- Member of Editorial Board, Frontiers of Biology in China, Springer, Berlin.
2009- Member of Editorial Board, Acta Theriologica Sinica, The Chinese Academy of Sciences.
MEMBERSHIP IN SCIENTIFIC ASSOCIATIONS
Zoological Society of Israel
Physiological and Pharmacological Society of Israel
The American Society of Mammalogists
AWARDS, HONORS RESEARCH FELLOWSHIPS
A) AWARDS and HONORS
1986 Chaim Sheba award for outstanding contribution by young scientist
1997 University of Queensland Travel Award to selected leading scientists for
International Collaborative Research
2004 Recipient of Bennie Slome Chair for Applied Research in Animal Breeding for Human Consumption
2010 Highly Commended Award Winner at the Emerald Literati Network Awards for Excellence 2010 for the paper, " Indigenous knowledge of fodder tree selectivity by local goats in the mid-hills of Nepal", in Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global Economy 3:241-255 (2009).
2011 Outstanding Paper Award Winner at the Emerald Literati Network Awards for Excellence 2011 for the paper, "Fish traders in artisanal fisheries on the Kenyan coast. Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global Economy 4:296-311 (2010).
SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS
A) BOOKS AND CHAPTERS IN BOOKS
1. Young, B.A. and A.A. Degen (1981). Thermal influences on ruminants, Chapter 10. In: Environmental Aspects of Housing for Animal Production (ed. J.A. Clark), pp. 167-180, Butterworth, London.
2. Degen, A.A. and B. Pinshow (1987). Water balance in two Negev Desert phasianids: the chukar and the sand partridge, Chapter 7. In: Progress in Desert Research (eds. L. Berkofsky and M.G. Wurtele), pp. 99-117, Rowan & Littlefield, Totowa, New Jersey.
3. Degen, A.A. (1997). Ecophysiology of Small Desert Mammals. Springer-Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg-New York-Tokyo, 296 pp.
4. Degen, A.A., A. Nunow, A.F.M. Zaal, D.A. Otieno and J.C. Hoorweg (2001). Market Dependence of Pastoralists in Kenya and Israel. NIRP Research for Policy Series, Part 8. Kit Publishers, Groningen, the Netherlands, 82 pp.
5. Morand, S., B.R. Krasnov, R. Poulin and A.A. Degen (2006). Micromammals and macroparasites: who is who and how do they interact? Chapter 3. In: Micromammals amd Macroparasites (eds. S. Morand, B.R. Krasnov and R. Poulin), pp. 3-9, Springer-Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg-New York-Tokyo.
6. Degen, A.A. (2006). Effects of macroparasites on the energy budget of small mammals, Chapter 19. In: Micromammals and Macroparasites (eds. S. Morand, B.R. Krasnov and R. Poulin), pp. 371-399, Springer-Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg-New York-Tokyo.
7. Degen, A.A. (2007). Traditional livestock production among Bedouin in the Negev Desert, Chapter 10. In: International Handbook of Research on Indigenous Entrepreneurship (eds. L.-P. Dana and R.B. Anderson), pp. 115-136, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, UK, Northampton, Massachusetts, USA.
8. Hoorweg, J., B. Wangila and A.A. Degen (2008). Livelihoods and income diversification among artisanal fishers on the Kenyan coast, Chapter 10. In: Inside Poverty and Development in Africa: Critical Reflections on Pro-poor Policies (eds. M.M.E.M. Rutten, A.H.M. Leliveld and D.W.J. Foeken), pp. 255-272, African Dynamics 7, Brill Academic Publishers, Leiden, The Netherlands.
9. Hoorweg, J., N. Versleijen, B. Wangila and A.A. Degen (2009). Income diversification and fishing practices among artisanal fishers on the Malindi-Kilifi coast, Chapter 3. In: Advances in Coastal Ecology: People, Processes and Ecosystems in Kenya (eds. J. Hoorweg and N. Muthiga), pp. 43-59, African Studies Collection 20, African Studies Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands.
10. Hoorweg, J., B. Wangila and A. Degen (2009). Artisanal Fishers on the Kenyan Coast: Household Livelihoods and Marine Resource Management. Brill Academic Publishers, Leiden, The Netherlands, 147 pp.
11. Degen, A.A. (2009). Livestock production and fodder improvement, Chapter 8. In: Transfer of Technology: Sustainable and Unsustainable Experience from Israel (ed. P.A. Hare), pp. 173-200, BiblioBooks, Beer Sheva, Israel.
12. Degen, A.A. (2011). Pastoralism as a form of entrepreneurship, Chapter 37. In: World Encyclopaedia of Entrepreneurship (ed. L.-P. Dana), pp. 308-315, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, UK, Northampton, Massachusetts, USA.
B) CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS
1. Benjamin, R.W., A.A. Degen, A. Brieghet and H. Tahhan (1973). The determination of feed intake under grazing conditions from the water turnover of sheep in Israel. In: Proceedings of Symposium on Water-Animal Relations (ed. H.F. Mayland), pp. 83-94, University of Idaho Press, Kimberly, Idaho.
2. Rosenstrauch, A., A.A. Degen, E. Bedrak and M. Friedländer (1986). Improvement of fertility in Cornish roosters by the use of clomiphene citrate. In: 7th European Poultry Conference (ed. M. Larbier), pp. 1025-1028, World's Poultry Science Association, Tours, France.
3. Pinshow, B., A.A. Degen, R. Yosef, M. Kam and K.A. Nagy (1995). Energy and water use by great grey shrike nestlings in unpredictable desert environments. Proceedings of the Western Foundation of Vertebrate Zoology 6:182-185.
4. Degen, A.A. (1997). Ostrich production under desert conditions. In: Proceedings of the First Regional Conference of Interdisciplinary Strategies for Development of Desert Agriculture, pp. 14-28. Sede-Boqer Campus, Israel.
5. Degen, A.A. (2001). Leguminous trees as fodder for desert livestock: case study of Acacia saligna. In: Prospects for the Agriculture of the 3rd Millennium. Bulletin of the University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca: Veterinary Medicine 55-56:6-13.
6. Degen, A.A. (2001). Leguminous trees as supplementary fodder for Bedouin livestock. In: Notes on the Bedouin (ed. G.M. Kressel) Booklet No. 33 pp. 84-85. Sede-Boqer Campus, Israel (in Hebrew).
7. Degen, A.A. and M. Spinu (2003). Stress and Behavior in broiler breeder hens as affected by density and season. In: Prospects for the Agriculture of the 3rd Millennium. Bulletin of the University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca: Veterinary Medicine 60:6-11.
C) REFEREED ARTICLES IN SCIENTIFIC JOURNALS
1. Degen, A.A. and R.O. Hawes (1972). Fertility in the domestic hen following the surgical removal of the utero-vaginal junction. Poultry Science 51:464-470.
2. Baker, R.D. and A.A. Degen (1972). Transport of live and dead boar spermatazoa within the reproductive tract of gilts. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 28:369-377.
3. Morag, M., A.A. Degen and F. Popliker (1973). The reproductive performance of German Mutton Merino ewes in a hot arid climate. Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie 89:340-345.
4. Degen, A.A. and E. Rubin (1974). Partial duplication of the male urogenital system in a Merino ram. Research in Veterinary Science 16:95-97.
5. Benjamin, R.W., A.A. Degen, A. Brieghet, M. Chen and N.H. Tadmor (1975). Estimation of food intake of sheep grazing green pasture when no free water is available. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 85:403-407.
6. Benjamin, R.W., M. Chen, A.A. Degen, N. Abdul Aziz and M.J. al Hadad (1977). Estimation of the dry and organic matter intake of young sheep grazing a dry Mediterranean pasture and their maintenance requirements. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 88:513-520.
7. Degen, A.A. (1977). Fat-tailed Awassi and German Mutton Merino sheep under semi-arid conditions. 1. Total body water, its distribution and water turnover. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 88:693-698.
8. Degen, A.A. (1977). Fat-tailed Awassi and German Mutton Merino sheep under semi-arid conditions. 2. Total body water and water turnover during pregnancy and lactation. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 88:699-704.
9. Degen, A.A. (1977). Fat-tailed Awassi and German Mutton Merino sheep under semi-arid conditions. 3. Body temperatures and panting rate. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 89:399-405.
10. Degen, A.A. (1977). Responses to dehydration in native fat-tailed Awassi and imported German Mutton Merino sheep. Physiological Zoology 50:284-293.
11. Degen, A.A. and A. Shkolnik (1978). Thermoregulation in fat-tailed Awassi, a desert sheep, and in German Mutton Merino, a mesic sheep. Physiological Zoology 51:333-339.
12. Degen, A.A. and B.A. Young (1980). Effect of cold exposure on liveweight and body fluid compartments in sheep. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 60:33-41.
13. Degen, A.A. and B.A. Young (1980). Live weight, total body-water and maternal body- solid changes in pregnant and lactating beef cows. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 95:1-5.
14. Young, B.A. and A.A. Degen (1980). Ingestion of snow by cattle. Journal of Animal Science 51:811-815.
15. Degen, A.A. and B.A. Young (1981). Response of lactating ewes to snow as a source of water. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 61:73-79.
16. Degen, A.A. and B.A. Young (1981). Effect of air temperature and feed intake on water balance in sheep. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 96:493-496.
17. Degen, A.A., U.A. Sod-Moriah, Y. Levy and D. Rattner (1981). Seasonal fluctuations in plasma testosterone levels and testes size in male goat (Capra hircus) - ibex (Capra ibex nubiana) crosses. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 69A:713-716.
18. Degen, A.A., B. Pinshow, P.U. Alkon and H. Arnon (1981). Tritiated water for estimating total body water and water turnover rate in birds. Journal of Applied Physiology: Respiratory, Environmental and Exercise Physiology 51:1183-1188.
19. Degen, A.A. and B.A. Young (1982). Intake energy, energy retention and heat production in lambs from birth to 24 weeks of age. Journal of Animal Science 54:353-362.
20. Degen, A.A., B. Pinshow and P.U. Alkon (1982). Water flux in chukar partridges (Alectoris chukar) and a comparison with other birds. Physiological Zoology 55:64-71.
21. Thomas, D.H., A.A. Degen and B. Pinshow (1982). Do desert partridges have functional salt glands? Absence of nasal secretion in salt loaded sand partridges and chukars (Ammoperdix heyi and Alectoris chukar sinaica). Physiological Zoology 55:323- 326.
22. Degen, A.A. and D.G. Lee (1982). The male genital tract of the dromedary (one- humped) camel (Camelus dromedarius). Zentralblatt fuer Veterinarmedizin, Reihe C: Anatomia, Histologia, Embryologia 11:267-282.
23. Alkon, P.U., B. Pinshow and A.A. Degen (1982). Seasonal water turnover rates and total body water volumes in desert chukar partridges. Condor 82:332-337.
24. Pinshow, B., A.A. Degen and P.U. Alkon (1983). Water intake, existence energy, and responses to water deprivation in the sand partridge (Ammoperdix heyi) and the chukar (Alectoris chukar): two phasianids of the Negev desert. Physiological Zoology 56:281-289.
25. Degen, A.A., B. Pinshow and P.U. Alkon (1983). Summer water turnover rates in free- living chukars (Alectoris chukar) and sand partridges (Ammoperdix heyi) in the Negev desert. Condor 85:333-337.
26. Degen, A.A., B. Pinshow and P.J. Shaw (1984). Must desert chukars (Alectoris chukar sinaica) drink water? Water influx and body mass changes in response to dietary water content. Auk 101:47-52.
27. Adam, I., B.A. Young, A.N. Nicol and A.A. Degen (1984). Energy cost of eating in cattle given diets of different form. Animal Production 38:53-56.
28. Thomas, D.H., B. Pinshow and A.A. Degen (1984). Renal and lower intestinal contributions to the water economy of desert dwelling phasianid birds: comparison of wild and captive chukars and sand partridges. Physiological Zoology 57:128-136.
29. Degen, A.A. and B.A. Young (1984). Effects of ingestion of warm, cold and frozen water on heat balance in cattle. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 64:73-80.
30. Degen, A.A. (1985). Responses to intermittent water intakes in sand partridges and chukars. Physiological Zoology 58:1-8.
31. Kleinhaus, S., B. Pinshow, M.H. Bernstein and A.A. Degen (1985). Brain temperature in heat stressed, water deprived desert phasianids: sand partridge (Ammoperdix heyi) and chukar (Alectoris chukar sinaica). Physiological Zoology 58:105-116.
32. Alkon, P.U., A.A. Degen, B. Pinshow and P.J. Shaw (1985). Phenology, diet, and water turnover rates of Negev desert chukars. Journal of Arid Environments 9:51-61.
33. Degen, A.A., M. Kam, A. Hazan and K.A. Nagy (1986). Energy expenditure and water flux in three sympatric desert rodents. Journal of Animal Ecology 55:421-429.
34. Levgoren, M., A.A. Degen, B. Pinshow and Y. Golan (1986). Responses to saline drinking water in two desert phasianids, the chukar and the sand partridge. Physiological Zoology 59:123-129.
35. Alkon, P.U., A.A. Degen, A. Cohen and H. Pollak (1986). Seasonal energy requirements and water intakes of Indian crested porcupines (Hystrix indica) in captivity. Journal of Mammalogy 67:333-342.
36. Degen, A.A., M. Gersani, Y. Avivi and N. Weisbrot (1986). Honeydew intake of the weaver ant Polyrhachis simplex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) attending the aphid Chaitophorous populialbae (Homoptera: Aphididae). Insectes Sociaux, Paris 33:211-215.
37. Degen, A.A. (1987). Responses of two Negev Desert phasianids, the chukar (Alectoris chukar) and the sand partridge (Ammoperdix heyi), to diets of different water content. Journal of Arid Environments 12:169-174.
38. Degen, A.A., R.W. Benjamin and E. Eyal (1987). A note on increasing lamb production of fat-tailed Awassi and German Mutton Merino sheep grazing in a semi-arid area. Animal Production 44:169-172.
39. Kam, M., A.A. Degen and K.A. Nagy (1987). Seasonal energy, water and food consumption of Negev chukars and sand partridges. Ecology 68:1029-1037.
40. Degen A.A., E. Elias and M. Kam (1987). A preliminary report on energy intake and growth rate of early weaned camel (Camelus dromedarius) calves. Animal Production 45:301-306.
41. Carmi-Winkler, N., A.A. Degen and B. Pinshow (1987). Seasonal time energy budgets of free-living chukars (Alectoris chukar) in the Negev desert. Condor 89:594-601.
42. Kam, M. and A.A. Degen (1987). Effects of dry-matter intake and egg production on water influx in single comb White Leghorn hens. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 109:453-458.
43. Gersani, M. and A.A. Degen (1988). Daily energy intake and expenditure of the weaver ant Polyrhachis simplex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) collecting honeydew from the cicada Oxyrrhachis versicolor (Homoptera: Membracidae). Journal of Arid Environments 15:75- 80.
44. Degen, A.A. (1988). Ash and electrolyte intakes of the fat sand rat, Psammomys obesus, consuming saltbush, Atriplex halimus, containing different water content. Physiological Zoological 61:137-141.
45. Degen, A.A., M. Kam and D. Jurgrau (1988). Energy requirements of fat sand rats (Psammomys obesus) and their efficiency of utilization of the saltbush Atriplex halimus for maintenance. Journal of Zoology, London 215:443-452.
46. Kam, M. and A.A. Degen (1988). Water, electrolye and nitrogen balances of fat sand rats (Psammomys obesus) consuming the saltbush Atriplex halimus. Journal of Zoology, London 215:453-462.
47. Degen, A.A., M. Kam and A. Rosenstrauch (1988). Efficiency of utilization of energy for egg production in feed-restricted single comb White Leghorn hens. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 111:303-308.
48. Nagy, K.A. and A.A. Degen (1988). Do desert geckos conserve energy and water by being nocturnal? Physiological Zoology 61:495-499.
49. Degen, A.A., M. Kam and A. Rosenstrauch (1989). Time-activity budget of ostriches (Struthio camelus) offered concentrated feed and maintained in outdoor pens. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 22:347-358.
50. Kam, M. and A.A. Degen (1989). Efficiency of utilization of the saltbush Atriplex halimus for growth by fat sand rats (Psammomys obesus). Journal of Mammalogy 70:485- 493.
51. Degen, A.A. and M. Gersani (1989). Environmental effects on activity and honeydew collection by the weaver ant Polyrachis simplex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) when attending the mealybug Trabutina sp. (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae). Journal of Zoology, London 218:421-432.
52. Degen, A.A., B. Pinshow and M. Ilan (1990). Seasonal water flux and urine and plasma osmotic concentrations in free-living fat sand rats feeding solely on saltbush. Journal of Arid Environments 18:59-66.
53. Degen, A.A. and B. A. Young (1990). The performance of pregnant beef cows relying on snow as a water source. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 70:505-515.
54. Degen, A. A. and B.A. Young (1990). Average daily gain and water intake in growing beef calves offered snow as a water source. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 70:711- 714.
55. Degen A.A. and M. Kam (1990). Average daily metabolic rate of gerbils of two species: Gerbillus pyramidum and Gerbillus allenbyi. Journal of Zoology, London 223:143-149.
56. Degen, A.A., M. Kam, R.W. Benjamin, R. Koenig and K. Becker (1990). Estimating body composition of lambs using bomb calorimetry. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 70:1127-1129.
57. Degen, A.A., M. Kam, A. Rosenstrauch and I. Plavnik (1991). Growth rate, total body water, dry-matter intake and water consumption of domesticated ostriches (Struthio camelus). Animal Production 52:225-232.
58. Elias, E., A.A. Degen and M. Kam (1991). Effect of conception date on length of gestation in the dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius) in the Negev Desert. Animal Reproduction Science 25:173-177.
59. Degen, A.A. and B.A. Young (1991). Effect of snow as a water source on beef cows and their calf production. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 71:585-588.
60. Kam, M. and A.A. Degen (1991). Diet selection and energy and water budgets of the common spiny mouse Acomys cahirinus. Journal of Zoology, London 225:285-292.
61. Degen, A.A., A. Hazan. M. Kam and K.A. Nagy (1991). Seasonal water influx and energy expenditure of free-living fat sand rats. Journal of Mammalogy 72:652-657.
62. Degen, A.A. and M. Kam (1991). Energy intake, nitrogen balance and water influx of Dorper sheep when consuming different diets. Journal of Arid Environments 21:363-369.
63. Degen, A.A. and M. Kam (1992). Water intake in two co-existing desert rodents, Acomys cahirinus and Gerbillus dasyurus. Journal of Mammalogy 73:201-206.
64. Kam, M. and A.A. Degen (1992). Effect of air temperature on energy and water balance of Psammomys obesus. Journal of Mammalogy 73:207-214.
65. Degen, A.A., A. Leeper and M. Shachak (1992). The effect of slope direction and population density on water influx in a desert snail, Trochoidea seetzenii. Functional Ecology 6:160-166.
66. Degen, A.A., B. Pinshow and M. Kam (1992). Field metabolic rates and water influxes of two sympatric Gerbillidae: Gerbillus allenbyi and G. pyramidum. Oecologia 90:586- 590.
67. Geffen, E., A.A. Degen, M. Kam, R. Hefner and K. A. Nagy (1992). Daily energy expenditure and water flux of free-living Blanford's foxes (Vulpes cana), a small desert carnivore. Journal of Animal Ecology 61:611-617.
68. Degen, A.A., B. Pinshow, R. Yosef, M. Kam and K.A. Nagy (1992). Energetics and growth rate of northern shrike (Lanius excubitor) nestlings. Ecology 73:2273-2283.
69. Degen, A.A., M. Kam and A. Rosenstrauch (1992). Effect of restricted cooled drinking water on the performance of broiler breeder hens in a hot, dry climate. British Poultry Science 33:917-924.
70. Degen, A.A. and M. Kam (1992). Body mass loss and body fluid shifts during dehydration in Dorper sheep. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 119:419-422.
71. Spinu, M. and A.A. Degen (1993). Effect of cold stress on performance and immune responses of Bedouin and white leghorn hens. British Poultry Science 34:177-185.
72. Degen, A.A. and B.A. Young (1993). Rate of metabolic heat production and rectal temperature of steers exposed to simulated mud and rain conditions. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 73:207-210.
73. Spinu, M., A.A. Degen and A. Rosenstrauch (1993). Effect of warm drinking water on the performance and immunological responses of broiler breeder hens raised at low air temperatures. British Poultry Science 34:361-366.
74. Kam, M. and A.A. Degen (1993). Energetics of lactation and growth in the fat sand rat, Psammomys obesus: new perspectives of resource partitioning and the effect of litter size. Journal of Theoretical Biology 162:353-369.
75. Kam, M. and A.A. Degen (1993). Effect of dietary preformed water on energy and water budgets of two sympatric desert rodents, Acomys russatus and Acomys cahirinus. Journal of Zoology, London 231:51-59.
76. Degen, A.A. (1993). Energy requirements of the fat sand rat (Psammomys obesus) when consuming the saltbush, Atriplex halimus: a review. Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology 4:13-28.
77. Rosenstrauch, A., A.A. Degen and M. Friedländer (1994). Spermatozoa retention by Sertoli cells during the decline in fertility in aging roosters. Biology of Reproduction 50:129-136.
78. Degen, A.A., S. Weil, A. Rosenstrauch, M. Kam and A. Dawson (1994). Seasonal plasma levels of luteinizing and steroid hormones in male and female domestic ostriches (Struthio camelus). General and Comparative Endocrinology 93:21-27.
79. Dawson, A., F.J. McNaughton, A.R. Goldsmith and A.A. Degen (1994). Ratite-like neoteny induced by neonatal thyroidectomy of European Starlings, Sturnus vulgaris. Journal of Zoology, London 232:633-639.
80. Kam, M and A.A. Degen (1994). Body mass at birth and growth rate of fat sand rat (Psammomys obesus) pups: effect of litter size and water content of Atriplex halimus consumed by pregnant and lactating females. Functional Ecology 8:351-357.
81. Degen, A.A. (1994). Field metabolic rates of Acomys russatus and Acomys cahirinus, and a comparison with other rodents. Israel Journal of Zoology 40:127-134.
82. Degen, A.A., G.E. Duke and J. Reynhout (1994). Gastroduodenal motility and glandular stomach function in young ostriches. Auk 111:750-755.
83. Khokhlova. I.S., B.R. Krasnov, G.I. Shenbrot and A.A. Degen (1994). Factors affecting seasonal body mass change and habitat distribution in several rodent species of the Negev Highlands, Israel. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal 73:106-114 (in Russian).
84. Fraifeld, V., R. Blaicher-Kulick, A.A. Degen and J. Kaplanski (1995). Is hypothalamic prostaglandin E2 involved in avian fever? Life Sciences 56:1343-1346.
85. Duke, G.E., A.A. Degen and J. Reynhout (1995). Movement of urine in the lower colon and cloaca of ostriches. Condor 97:165-173.
86. Degen, A.A., K. Becker, H.P.S. Makkar and N. Borowy (1995). Acacia saligna as fodder tree for desert livestock and the interactions of its tannins with fiber fractions. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 68:65-71.
87. Degen, A.A. and M. Kam (1995). Scaling of field metabolic rate to basal metabolic rate ratio in homeotherms. Ecoscience 2:48-54.
88. Makkar, H.P.S., N.K. Borowy, K. Becker and A.A. Degen (1995). Some problems in fiber determination of a tannin-rich forage (Acacia saligna leaves) and their implications in in vivo studies. Animal Feed Science and Technology 55:67-76.
89. Khokhlova, I.S., A.A. Degen and M. Kam (1995). Body size, gender, seed husking and energy requirements in two species of desert gerbilline rodents, Meriones crassus and Gerbillus henleyi. Functional Ecology 9: 720-724.
90. Weil, S., A.A. Degen, A. Rosenstrauch and M. Friedländer (1996). Spermatozoa retention during the decline of fertility in roosters: an ultrastructure study of Sertoli cells. Journal of Experimental Zoology 275:317-325.
91. Krasnov, B.R., G.I. Shenbrot, I.S. Khokhlova, A.A. Degen and K.A. Rogovin (1996). On the biology of Sundevall’s jird (Meriones crassus Sundevall, 1842) (Rodentia: Gerbillidae) in the Negev Highlands, Israel. Mammalia 60:375-391.
92. Kam, M and A.A. Degen (1997). Energy requirements and efficiency of utilization of metabolizable energy in free-living animals: an evaluation of existing theories and generation of a new model. Journal of Theoretical Biology 184:101-104.
93. Khokhlova, I.S., M. Kam and A.A. Degen (1997). A small gerbil that maximizes energy intake from low energy food. Journal of Mammalogy 78:158-162.
94. Degen, A.A., A. Blanke, K. Becker, M. Kam, R.W. Benjamin and H.P.S. Makkar (1997). The nutritive value of Acacia saligna and Acacia salicina for goats and sheep. Animal Science 64:253-259.
95. Kam, M and A.A. Degen (1997). Energy expenditure, intake and balance in free-living animals: a novel approach based on the doubly labelled water method. American Journal of Physiology (Regulatory Integrative Comparative Physiology) 41:R1336-R1343
96. Degen, A.A., I.S. Khokhlova, M. Kam and K.A. Nagy (1997). Body size, granivory and seasonal dietary shifts in desert gerbilline rodents. Functional Ecology 11:53-59.
97. Kam, M., I.S. Khokhlova and A.A. Degen (1997). Granivory and plant selection in desert gerbils of different body size. Ecology 78:2218-2229.
98. Degen, A.A., M. Kam, I.S. Khokhlova, B.R. Krasnov and T.G. Barraclough (1998). Average daily metabolic rate of rodents: habitat and dietary comparisons. Functional Ecology 12:63-73.
99. Rosenstrauch, A., A.A. Degen, S. Weil and M. Friedländer (1998). Leydig cell functional structure and plasma testosterone level during the decline in fertility in aging roosters. General and Comparative Endocrinology 109:251-258.
100. Degen, A.A. (1998). Energy expenditure and efficiency of energy use in rodents: desert and non-desert species. Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology 9:29-49.
101. Degen, A.A. and M. Kam (1998). Roosters prefer cool drinking water in both summer and winter. Journal of Applied Poultry Science 7:258-262.
102. Degen, A.A., T. Mishorr, H.P.S. Makkar, M. Kam, R.W. Benjamin, K. Becker and H.J. Schwartz (1998). Effect of Acacia saligna with and without administration of polyethylene glycol on dietary intake in desert sheep. Animal Science 67:491-498.
103. Brosh, A., Y. Aharoni, A.A. Degen, D. Wright and B.A. Young (1998). Effects of solar radiation, dietary energy, and time of feeding on thermoregulatory responses and energy balance in cattle in a hot environment. Journal of Animal Science 76:2671- 2677.
104. Brosh, A., Y. Aharoni, A.A. Degen, D. Wright and B.A. Young (1998). Estimation of energy expenditure from heart rate measurements in cattle maintained under different conditions. Journal of Animal Science 76:3054-3064.
105. Weil, S., I. Rozenboim, A.A. Degen, A. Dawson, M. Friedländer and A. Rosenstrauch (1999). Fertility decline in aging roosters is related to increased testicular and plasma levels of estradiol. General and Comparative Endocrinology 115:23-28.
106. Weil, S., A.A. Degen, M. Friedländer and A. Rosenstrauch (1999). Low fertility in aging roosters is related to a high plasma concentration of insulin and low testicular contents of ACTH and lactate. General and Comparative Endocrinology 115:110-115.
107. Spinu, M., O. Spinu and A.A. Degen (1999). Haematological and immunological variables in a domesticated and wild subspecies of ostrich (Struthio camelus). British Poultry Science 40:613-618.
108. Degen, A.A., R.W. Benjamin and J.C. Hoorweg (2000). Bedouin households and sheep production in the Negev Desert, Israel. Nomadic Peoples 4:125-147.
109. Khokhlova, I.S., M. Kam, S. Gonen and A.A. Degen (2000). Level of energy intake affects the estrous cycle in Sundvall’s jird (Meriones crassus). Physiological and Biochemical Zoology 73:257-263.
110. Degen, A.A., R.W. Benjamin, T. Mishorr, M. Kam, K. Becker, H.P.S. Makkar and H.J. Schwartz (2000). Acacia saligna as a supplementary feed for grazing desert sheep and goats. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 135:77-84.
111. Anava, A., M. Kam, A. Shkolnik and A.A. Degen (2000). Seasonal field metabolic rate and dietary intake in Arabian babblers (Turdoides squamiceps) inhabiting extreme deserts. Functional Ecology 14:607-613.
112. Degen, A.A., M. Kam, I.S. Khokhlova and Y. Zeevi (2000). Fiber digestion and energy utilization of fat sand rats (Psammomys obesus) consuming the chenopod Anabasis articulata. Physiological and Biochemical Zoology 73:574-580.
113. Khokhlova, I., B.R. Krasnov, G.I. Shenbrot and A.A. Degen (2001). Body mass and environment: a study in Negev rodents. Israel Journal of Zoology 47:1-13
114. Anava, A., M. Kam, A. Shkolnik and A.A. Degen (2001). Effect of group size on field metabolic rate of Arabian babblers provisioning nestlings. Condor 103:376-380.
115. Anava, A., M. Kam, A. Shkolnik and A.A. Degen (2001). Heat production and body temperature of Arabian babblers (Turdoides squamiceps): a bird from hot deserts. Journal of Arid Environments 48:59-67.
116. Anava, A., M. Kam, A. Shkolnik and A.A. Degen (2001). Growth rate of Arabian babbler (Turdoides squamiceps) nestlings. Auk 118:519-524.
117. Anava, A., M. Kam, A. Shkolnik and A.A. Degen (2001). Does group size affect field metabolic rate of Arabian babbler (Turdoides squamiceps) nestlings? Auk 118:525-528.
118. Degen, A.A. and B.A. Young (2002). Effect of air temperature and energy intake on body mass, body composition and energy requirements in sheep. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 138:221-226.
119. Shachak, M., A. Leeper and A.A. Degen (2002). Effect of population density on water influx and distribution in the desert snail, Trochoidea seetzenii. Ecoscience 9:287-292.
120. Degen, A. A., I.S. Khokhlova, M. Kam and I. Snider (2002). Energy requirements during reproduction in female common spiny mice (Acomys cahirinus). Journal of Mammalogy 83:645-651.
121. Khokhlova, I.S., B.R. Krasnov, M. Kam, N.I. Burdelova and A.A. Degen (2002). Energy cost of ectoparasitism: the flea Xenopsylla ramesis on the desert gerbil Gerbillus dasyurus. Journal of Zoology, London 258:349-354.
122. Anava, A., M. Kam, A. Shkolnik and A.A. Degen (2002). Seasonal daily, daytime and night-time field metabolic rates in Arabian babblers (Turdoides squamiceps). Journal of Experimental Biology 205:3571-3575.
123. Degen, A.A., R.W. Benjamin, S.A. Abdraimov and T.I. Sarbasov (2002). Browse selection by Karakul sheep in relation to plant composition and estimated metabolizable energy content. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 139:353-358.
124. Spinu, M., S. Benveneste and A.A. Degen (2003). The effect of density and season on stress and behaviour in broiler breeder hens. British Poultry Science 44:170-174.
125. Degen, A.A. and R.W. Benjamin (2003). Milk intake and growth rate of Awassi lambs sucking ewes grazing on natural pasture in the semiarid Negev desert. Animal Science 76:455-460.
126. Kam, M., S. Cohen-Gross, I.S. Khokhlova, A.A. Degen and E. Geffen (2003). Average daily metabolic rate, reproduction and energy allocation during lactation in the Sundevall jird Meriones crassus. Functional Ecology 17:496-503.
127. Krasnov, B., M. Sarfati, M.S. Arakelyan, I.S. Khokhlova, N.V. Burdelova and A.A. Degen (2003). Host specificity and foraging efficiency in blood-sucking parasite: feeding patterns of the flea Parapulex chephrenis on two species of desert rodents. Parasitology Research 90:393-399.
128. Rozenboim, I., A. Navot, N. Snapir, A. Rosenstrauch, M.E. El Halawani, G. Gvaryahu and A.A. Degen (2003). Method for collecting semen from the ostrich (Struthio camelus) and some of its quantitative and qualitative characteristics. British Poultry Science 44:607-611.
129. Kam, M., A. Anava, A. Shkolnik and A.A. Degen (2003). Energy expenditure and its components of free-living Arabian babblers (Turdoides squamiceps). Israel Journal of Zoology 49:195-202.
130. Degen, A.A. (2003). Roles of urbanized Negev Bedouin women within their households. Nomadic Peoples 7:108-116.
131. Khokhlova, I.S., M. Spinu, B.R. Krasnov and A.A. Degen (2004). Immune response to fleas in a wild desert rodent: Effect of parasite species, parasite burden, sex of host and host parasitological experience. Journal of Experimental Biology 207:2725-2733.
132. Krasnov, B.R., I.S. Khokhlova, N.V. Burdelova, N.S. Mirzoyan and A.A. Degen (2004). Fitness consequences of host selection in ectoparasites: testing reproductive patterns predicted by isodar theory in fleas parasitizing rodents. Journal of Animal Ecology 73:815-820.
133. Krasnov, B.R., G. Shenbrot, I.S. Khokhlova and A.A. Degen (2004). Relationship between host diversity and parasite diversity: flea assemblages on small mammals. Journal of Biogeography 31:1857-1866.
134. Khokhlova, I.S., M. Spinu, B.R. Krasnov and A.A. Degen (2004). Immune responses to fleas in two rodent species differing in natural prevalence of infestation and diversity of flea assemblages. Parasitology Research 94:304-311.
135. Krasnov, B.R., G. Shenbrot, I.S. Khokhlova and A.A. Degen (2004). Ectoparasite species richness and characteristics of host body, host geography and host “milieu”. Journal of Animal Ecology 73:1121-1128.
136. Degen, A.A., I.S. Khokhlova, M. Kam and I. Snider (2004). Water budget during reproduction in female common spiny mice (Acomys cahirinus). Journal of Mammalogy 85:1106-1110.
137. Degen, A.A. and N. Weisbrod (2004). Can pastoral nomads return to their traditional livelihood of raising livestock in the Registan Desert of southern Afghanistan. Nomadic Peoples 8:214-229.
138. Degen, A.A. and R.W. Benjamin (2005). Milk and herbage intakes and growth rate of lambs from 32 to 130 days of age raised on natural pasture in the semi-arid Negev. Small Ruminant Research 58:39-45.
139. Krasnov, B.R., N.V Burdelova, I.S. Khokhlova, G.I. Shenbrot and A.A. Degen (2005). Larval interspecific competition in two flea species parasitic on the same rodent host. Ecological Entomology 30:146-155.
140. Khokhlova, I.S., B.R. Krasnov, V. Kuznetsov, C.E. Sartor, M. Zan, L. Salek, L. Ghazaryan, M. Kam and A.A. Degen. (2005). Dietary intake and time budget in two desert rodents: a diurnal herbivore, Psammomys obesus, and a nocturnal granivore, Meriones crassus. Mammalia 69:57-67.
141. Bustan, A., D. Pasternak, I. Pirogova, M. Durikov, T.T. Devries, S. Meccawi and A.A. Degen (2005). Evaluation of saltgrass as a fodder crop for livestock. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 85:2077-2084.
142. Krasnov, B.R., I.S. Khokhlova, M.S. Arakelyan and A.A. Degen (2005). Is a starving host tastier? Reproduction in fleas parasitizing food limited rodents. Functional Ecology 19:625-631.
143. Sarfati, M., B.R. Krasnov, L. Ghazaryan, I.S. Khokhlova, L.J. Fielden and A.A. Degen (2005). Energy costs of blood digestion in a host-specific haematophagous parasite. Journal of Experimental Biology 208:2489-2496.
144. Kam, M., I.S. Khokhlova and A.A. Degen (2006). Partition of energy in altricial and precocial rodent pups. Journal of Zoology, London 269:502-505.
145. Krasnov, B.R., G.I. Shenbrot, I.S. Khokhlova, H. Hawlena and A.A. Degen (2006). Temporal variation in parasite infestation of a host individual: Does a parasite-free host remain uninfested permanently? Parasitology Research 99:541-545.
146. Hawlena, H., B.R. Krasnov, Z. Abramsky, I.S. Khokhlova, D. Saltz, M. Kam, A. Tamir and A.A. Degen (2006). Flea infestation and energy requirements of rodent hosts: Are there general rules? Functional Ecology 20:1028-1036.
147. Stavi, I., G. Kressel, Y. Gutterman, and A.A. Degen (2006). Flock use among Bedouin in ‘spontaneous’ settlements in the Negev Desert, southern Israel. Nomadic Peoples 10:53-69.
148. Degen, A.A. (2007). Sheep and goat milk for pastoral societies. Small Ruminant Research 68:7-19.
149. Burdelov, S.A., M. Liederman, I.S. Khokhlova, B.R. Krasnov, and A.A. Degen (2007). Locomotor response to light and surface angle in three species of desert fleas. Parasitology Research 100:973-982.
150. Stavi, I., G. Kressel, and A.A. Degen (2007). Labour division and family cohesion among Bedouin flock raiser households in scattered rural settlements in the Negev Desert, southern Israel. Journal of Comparative Family Studies 38:307-315.
151. Krasnov, B.R., A. Hovhanyan, I.S. Khokhlova and A.A. Degen (2007). Density dependence of feeding success in haematophagous ectoparasites. Parasitology 134:1379-1386.
152. Khokhlova, I.S., A. Hovhanyan, B.R. Krasnov, and A.A. Degen (2007). Reproductive success in two species of desert fleas: Density-dependence and host effect. Journal of Experimental Biology 210:2121-2127.
153. Wangila, B.C.C., J.C Hoorweg and A.A. Degen (2007). Gender analysis of fish traders in the central coast inshore artisanal fishery of Kenya. Journal of Science Technology Education and Management 1 (1): 42-54.
154. Wangila, B.C.C., J.C Hoorweg and A.A. Degen (2007). Fishing in the neighbourhood of a marine protected area: The case of central coast of Kenya artisanal fishery. Journal of Science Technology Education and Management 1 (2): 46-60.
155. Degen, A.A., M. Kam, S.B. Pandey, C.R. Upreti, S. Pandey, and P. Regmi, (2007). Transhumant pastoralism in yak herding in the Lower Mustang district of Nepal. Nomadic Peoples 11 (2):57-85.
156. El-Meccawi, S., M. Kam, A. Brosh and A.A. Degen (2008). Heat production and energy balance of sheep and goats fed sole diets of Acacia saligna and Medicago sativa. Small Ruminant Research 75:199-203.
157. Degen, A.A. and S. El-Meccawi (2008). Livestock trader entrepreneurs among urban Bedouin in the Negev Desert of southern Israel. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation 9:93-101.
158. Degen, A.A. (2008). Effects of macroparasites on the energy allocation of reproducing small mammals. Frontiers of Biology in China 3:123-130.
159. Khokhlova, I.S., L. Ghazaryan, B.R. Krasnov and A.A. Degen (2008). Effects of parasite specificity and previous infestation of hosts on the feeding and reproductive success of rodent-infesting fleas. Functional Ecology 22:530-536.
160. Krasnov, B.R., A. Hovhanyan, I.S. Khokhlova and A.A. Degen (2008). Evidence for a negative relationship between parent density and offspring quality for two Xenopsylla spp. parasitic on desert mammals. Medical and Veterinary Entomology 22:156-166.
161. Krasnov, B.R. G.I. Shenbrot, I.S. Khokhlova, H. Hawlena and A.A. Degen (2008). Sex ratio in flea infrapopulations: number of fleas, host gender and host age do not have an effect. Parasitology 135:1133-1141.
162. Khokhlova, I.S., V. Serobyan, B.R. Krasnov and A.A. Degen (2009). Is the feeding and reproductive performance of the flea, Xenopsylla ramesis, affected by the gender of its rodent host, Meriones crassus? Journal of Experimental Biology 212:1429-1435.
163. Khokhlova, I.S., L. Ghazaryan, B.R. Krasnov and A.A. Degen (2009). Does acquired resistance of rodent hosts affect metabolic rate of fleas? Journal of Experimental Zoology, Part A: Ecological Genetics and Physiology 311A:389-398.
164. El-Meccawi, S., M. Kam, A. Brosh and A.A. Degen (2009). Energy intake, heat production and energy and nitrogen balances of sheep and goats fed wheat straw as a sole diet. Livestock Science 125:88-91.
165. Pandey, L.N., M. Kam, S.B. Pandey, C.R. Upreti, N.P. Osti and A.A. Degen (2009). Indigenous knowledge of fodder tree selectivity by local goats in the mid-hills of Nepal. Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global Economy 3:241-255.
166. Yarmolinsky, L., M. Kam, I.S. Khokhlova and A.A.Degen (2009). Effect of weaning time on the growth rate and food intake of the spiny mouse pup. Journal of Zoology, London 279:203-209.
167. Khokhlova, I.S., V. Serobyan, B.R. Krasnov and A.A. Degen (2009). Effect of host gender on blood digestion in fleas: mediating role of environment. Parasitology Research 105:1667-1673.
168. Degen, A.A. and S. El-Meccawi (2009). Livestock production among urban Negev Bedouin. Outlook on Agriculture 38:327-335.
169. Degen, A.A., M. Kam, S.B. Pandey, C.R. Upreti, S. El-Meccawi, and N.P. Osti (2010). In vitro gas production of leaves from fodder trees and shrubs from mid-hills of Nepal using cow, sheep and goat rumen liquor. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 148:445-451.
170. Degen, A.A., S. El-Meccawi and M. Kam (2010). Cafeteria trials to determine relative preference of six desert trees and shrubs by sheep and goats. Livestock Science 132:19-25.
171. Khokhlova, I.S., V. Serobyan, A.A. Degen and B.R. Krasnov (2010). Host gender and offspring quality in a flea parasitic on a rodent. Journal of Experimental Biology 213:3299-3304.
172. Khokhlova, I.S., A. Hovhanyan, B.R. Krasnov and A.A. Degen (2010). The effect of larval density on pre-imaginal development in two species of desert fleas. Parasitology 137:1925-1935.
173. Degen, A.A., L.N. Pandey, M. Kam, S.B. Pandey, C.R. Upreti and N.P. Osti (2010). Goat production and fodder leaves offered by local villagers in the mid-hills of Nepal. Human Ecology 38:625-637.
174. Degen, A.A., J. Hoorweg and B.C.C. Wangila (2010). Fish traders in artisanal fisheries on the Kenyan coast. Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global Economy 4:296-311.
175. Kam, M., A.A. Degen, I.S. Khokhlova, B.R. Krasnov and E. Geffen (2010). Parasites increase energy expenditure of their free-living hosts. Public Library of Science One (PLoS One) 5 (10):e13686.
176. Khokhlova, I.S., L. Ghazaryan, A.A.Degen and B.R. Krasnov (2010). Infestation experience of a rodent host and offspring viability of fleas: Variation among host-parasite associations. Journal of Experimental Zoology, Part A: Ecological Genetics and Physiology 313A:680-689.
177. Khokhlova, I.S., V. Serobyan, A.A. Degen and B.R. Krasnov (2011). Discrimination of host gender by a haematophagous ectoparasite. Animal Behaviour 81:275-281.
178. Degen, A.A. (2011). Transformation of Borana from nomadic pastoralists to agropastoralists and shift of livestock from cattle to include more goats, camels and sheep in southern Ethiopia. International Journal of Business and Globalization 6 (3/4):292-312.
179. Degen, A.A., I.S. Khokhlova and M. Kam (2011). Milk production of the dam limits the growth rate of Sundevall's jird (Meriones crassus) pups. Mammalian Biology 76:285-289.
180. Liberman, V., I.S. Khokhlova, A.A. Degen and B.R. Krasnov (2011). The effect of host age on feeding performance of fleas. Parasitology 138:1154-1163.
181. Degen, A.A. and S. El-Meccawi (2011). Bedouin chefs catering Bedouin weddings in the Negev Desert of Southern Israel. International Journal of Business and Globalization 3:303-318.
182. Kam, M., I.S. Khokhlova, B.R. Krasnov and A.A. Degen (2011). Flea infestation does not cause a long-term increase in energy metabolism in Gerbillus nanus. Journal of Experimental Biology 214:3968-3971.
183. Khokhlova, I.S., L.J Fielden,. A.A. Degen and B.R. Krasnov (2011). Feeding performance of fleas on hosts of different rodent species: is phylogenetic distance between hosts important? Parasitology (in press).
184. Degen, A. A., J. Hoorweg and B.C.C. Wangila (2011). Does it pay to be an artisanal fisher on the Kenyan coast? International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business (in press).
185. Kam, M., S. El-Meccawi and A.A. Degen (2011). Foraging behavior and diet selection of free-ranging sheep and goats in the Negev Desert, Israel. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge (in press).
186. Khokhlova, I.S., L.J Fielden, A.A. Degen and B.R. Krasnov (2011). Digesting blood of an auxiliary host in fleas: Effect of phylogenetic distance from a principal host. Journal of Experimental Biology (in press).
ABSTRACTS
1. Degen, A.A., R.D. Baker and R.O. Hawes (1971). The use of fluorescene isothiocyanate as an avian sperm marker. Proceedings of the 20th Annual Meeting of the Canadian Society of Animal Production, p. 46.
2. Degen, A.A. and M. Morag (1974). Thermoregulation in Awassi and German Mutton Merino sheep in a hot desert. Israel Journal of Medical Sciences 10:282-283.
3. Benjamin, R.W., A.A. Degen and M. Vachnish (1974). Food and water requirements of Awassi and German Mutton Merino sheep under different environmental conditions. Israel Journal of Medical Sciences 10:284-285.
4. Degen, A.A. (1976). Metabolic rate, evaporative water loss and heat conductance in fat- tailed Awassi and German Mutton Merino sheep between the ambient temperatures 20°C and 40°C. Israel Journal of Medical Sciences 12:1223.
5. Degen, A.A. and B.A Young (1979). Body fluid changes with cold exposure. American Society of Animal Science, 71st Annual Meeting, p. 188.
6. Adam, I., B.A. Young, A.M. Nicol and Degen, A.A. (1979). Energy costs of feeding activity in cattle. American Society of Animal Science, 71st Annual Meeting, p. 353.
7. Degen, A.A., B.A. Young and J.A. Francis (1979). Snow consumption by beef cattle. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 59:826.
8. Degen, A.A. and B.A. Young (1980). Milk production and lamb growth from ewes receiving snow versus water. American Society of Animal Science, 72nd Annual Meeting, p. 142.
9. Pinshow, B., A.A. Degen and P.U. Alkon (1982). Energy requirements and responses to dehydration in Negev desert chukars and sand partridges. Federation Proceedings 41:1238.
10. Levgoren, M., Y. Golan, B. Pinshow and A.A. Degen (1982). Tolerance to saline drinking water in sand partridges (Ammoperdix heyi) and chukars (Alectoris chukar). Israel Journal of Zoology 31:62.
11. Pinshow, B., P.U. Alkon and A.A. Degen (1982). Ecophysiological studies on water, energy and thermoregulatory relationships of Negev desert chukars and sand partridges. Israel Journal of Zoology 31:63.
12. Pinshow, B., A.A. Degen and D.H. Thomas (1983). Renal and lower intestinal contributions to water economy in wild desert-dwelling partridges. The Physiologist 26:A-29.
13. Degen, A.A., B. Pinshow and M. Ilan (1983). Seasonal water and electrolyte balance in free living fat sand rats. The Physiologist 26:A-29.
14. Rosenstrauch, A., A.A. Degen, E. Bedrak and M. Friedländer (1987). Improvement of fertility in roosters by the use of clomiphene citrate. Proceedings of The World's Poultry Science Association, 27th Convention, p. 39.
15. Kam, M., A.A. Degen and A. Rosenstrauch (1987). Effects of feed restriction on laying rate in aged layers. Proceedings of The World's Poultry Science Association, 27th Convention, p. 130.
16. Friedländer, M., A. Rosenstrauch, U.A. Sod-Moriah and A.A. Degen (1989). Reduced fertility in roosters is correlated with sperm retention within seminiferous tubules. General and Comparative Endocrinology 74:266.
17. Yosef, R., A.A. Degen and B. Pinshow (1991). Energetics in northern shrikes: nestling growth rate and field metabolic rates of adults. Proceedings of 109th Meeting of American Ornithologists' Union, abstract 126.
18. Degen, A.A., A. Rosenstrauch and M. Friedländer (1991). Effect of age on fertility of the rooster - hormonal, anatomical and physiological aspects. Proceedings of Present Items of Interest in the Biology and Pathology of Reproduction, Cluj-Napoca, Roumania, p. 49.
19. Kam M., and A.A. Degen (1993). Body mass at birth and growth of fat sand rat pups as affected by litter size and water content of Atriplex halimus consumed by pregnant and lactating females. Proceedings of Israel Physiology and Pharmacology Society, p. D4.
20. Duke, G.E. and A.A. Degen (1993). Absence of urinary reflux in lower gut of ostriches. Proceedings of 111th Meeting of American Ornithologists' Union, abstract 200.
21. Duke, G.E., J.E. Reynhout and A.A. Degen (1994). Gastroduodenal motility and glandular stomach function in young ostriches. Proceedings of North American Ornithological Meetings, abstract 375.
22. Degen, A.A., S. Weil, A. Rosenstrauch and M. Friedländer (1994). Spermatozoa retention during fertility decline in aging roosters: an ultrastructural study of Sertoli cells. Proceedings of Present Items of Interest in the Biology and Pathology of Reproduction, Cluj-Napoca, Roumania, p. 150.
23. Khokhlova. I.S., M. Kam and A.A. Degen (1995). Body size and diet quality selection in desert rodents. Israel Journal of Zoology 41:94.
24. Anava, A., M. Kam, A. Shkolnik and A.A. Degen (1996). Total body water and water flux in free-living Arabian babblers in the Arava. Israel Journal of Zoology 42:60.
25. Khokhlova, I.S., M. Kam and A.A. Degen (1996). Plant selection and digestive bottle neck in desert gerbilline rodents of different body size. Israel Journal of Zoology 42:69-70.
26. Degen, A.A., A. Rosenstrauch, S. Weil and M. Friedländer (1996). Leydig cell functional structure and plasma testosterone level during the decline in fertility in aging roosters. Proceedings of Present Items of Interest in the Biology and Pathology of Reproduction, Cluj-Napoca, Roumania, p. 193.
27. Anava, A., M. Kam, A. Shkolnik and A.A. Degen (1997). Effect of group size and body mass of fledglings in Arabian babblers (Turdoides squamiceps). Israel Journal of Zoology 43:94-95.
28. Khokhlova. I.S., M. Kam and A.A. Degen (1997). Effect of litter size on the energetics of lactating dams and growth of pups in Meriones crassus. Israel Journal of Zoology 43:107.
29. Khokhlova. I.S., M. Kam, S. Gonen and A.A. Degen (1998). Effect of energy intake on the estrous in Meriones crassus. Israel Journal of Zoology 44:77.
30. Kam, M., I.S. Khokhlova and A.A. Degen (1999). Intake of saltbush (Atriplex halimus) in growing fat jirds (Meriones crassus): Dietary selection, food manipulation, and the effect of body size. Israel Journal of Zoology 45:311.
31. Degen, A.A. (2000). Energy expenditure of rodents: Desert and nondesert species. Israel Journal of Zoology 46:363-364.
32. Khokhlova, I.S., M. Kam and A.A. Degen (2000). Energy and water requirements during pregnancy in Meriones crassus: Consequences of body size. Israel Journal of Zoology 46:375.
33. Degen, A.A., S. Weil, M. Friedländer and A. Rosenstrauch (2001). Relationship between the fertility decline in aging roosters and the plasma and testicular levels of testosterone and estradiol. Proceedings of Present Items of Interest in the Biology and Pathology of Reproduction, Cluj-Napoca, Roumania, p. 551.
34. Anava, A., M. Kam, A. Shkolnik and A.A. Degen (2001). Summer and winter field metabolic rate, water influx, and dietary intake in free-living Arabian babblers inhabiting extreme deserts. Israel Journal of Zoology 47:174.
35. Khokhlova, I., B.R. Krasnov, V. Kuznetsov, C.E. Sartor, M. Zan, L. Salek, L. Ghazaryan, M. Kam and A.A. Degen (2003). Dietary intake and time budget in two desert rodents: a diurnal herbivore, Psammomys obesus, and a nocturnal granivore, Meriones crassus. Bulletin of the University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca: Veterinary Medicine 60:322.
36. Sarfati, M., B. Krasnov, I, Khokhlova and A.A. Degen (2003). Reciprocal physiological influences in the flea-rodent relationship: effects of host specificity. Bulletin of the University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca: Veterinary Medicine 60:323.
37. Spinu, M., A.A. Degen, F. Brudasca and D. Sandru (2003). Food and water deprivation stress in hens influence total Ig concentrations after antigen priming depending on the breed. Bulletin of the University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca: Veterinary Medicine 60:331.
38. Spinu, M., A.A. Degen, D. Sandru, and F. Brudasca (2003). Differences to antigen priming in humoral immune responses of Awassi sheep and Bedouin goats. Bulletin of the University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca: Veterinary Medicine 60:332.
39. Kam, M., S. Cohen-Gross, I.S. Khokhlova, A.A. Degen and E. Geffen (2004). Reproductive rate and energy allocation during lactation in Meriones crassus. Israel Journal of Zoology 50:110-111.
40. Kam, M., I.S. Khokhlova A.A. Degen (2006). Partition of energy in altricial and precocial pups. Hystrix Italian Journal of Mammalogy (n.s.) supplement p. 67.
D) INTERNAL REFEREED PUBLICATIONS
1. Young, B.A., A.A. Degen and J.A. Francis (1979). Will cows eat snow? 58th Annual Feeders' Day Report, University of Alberta:40-41.
2. Degen, A.A. and B.A. Young (1979). Thermally induced short-term changes in liveweight. 58th Annual Feeders' Day Report, University of Alberta: 43-45.
3. Degen, A.A. and B.A. Young (1980). Components of liveweight changes in pregnant beef cows. 59th Annual Feeders' Day Report, University of Alberta:55-56.
4. Young, B.A., A.A. Degen and T. Tennessen (1980). Liveweight of individually fed beef cows receiving snow or liquid water. 59th Annual Feeders' Day Report, University of Alberta: 57-59.
5. Young, B.A., T. Tennessen and A.A. Degen (1980). Liveweight and behavioural responses in cattle ingesting snow as their water source. 59th Annual Feeders' Day Report, University of Alberta:60-61.
6. Degen, A.A. and B.A. Young (1980). Lactation and water turnover in ewes relying on snow as their water source. 59th Annual Feeders' Day Report, University of Alberta:61-62.
7. Young, B.A., A.M. Nicol and A.A. Degen (1989). Ingestion of cold and frozen food by cattle. 68th Annual Feeders' Day Report, University of Alberta:22-24.
8. Degen, A.A. and B.A. Young (1989). Water intake by growing calves offered snow as a water source during winter. 68th Annual Feeders' Day Report, University of Alberta:24-26
RESEARCH GRANTS (as Principal Investigator)
1982-1984 Seasonal energy and water balances in free-living desert partridges. United States-Israel Binational Science Foundation grant (BSF), $100,000 for 3 years.
1985-1988 Examination of inter and intraspecific competition between sympatric gerbil species through measurement of their energy and water balances. United States- Israel Binational Science Foundation grant (BSF), $169,000 for 3 years.
1986 Prolongation of fertility in the aging rooster by pharmacological treatment. Ministry of Agriculture, $7,000.
1986-1989 Physiological quantification of competition between gerbil species in the Negev Desert. Whitehall Foundation, $68,500 for 3 years.
1987-1988 Raising ostriches in Israel. Ministry of Agriculture, $68,500 for 2 years.
1987-1989 Prolongation of fertility in the aging rooster by pharmacological treatment. Ministry of Agriculture, $58,380 for 3 years.
1990 Raising ostriches in Israel: aspects of digestive physiology. Ministry of Agriculture, $5,200.
1991 Improving egg production in arid areas with low cost management. Ministry of Agriculture, $7,500.
1991 Reproduction and chick production in ostriches. Ministry of Agriculture, $7,500.
1992 Vegetal and animal biomass production in arid zones using runoff water. German-Israel Fund for Research and International Development (GIFRID), $27,542.
1993-1995 Integration of increased prolificacy in Karakul sheep with improved semi-desert and desert rangelands. US Agency for International Development, US-Israel AID-CDR-CAR program, $100,000 for 3 years.
1993-1995 Livestock and vegetal production in deserts using runoff water. US Agency for International Development, US-Israel AID-CDR-CAR program, $100,000 for 3 years.
1994-1997 Improvement of reproduction in ostriches. Rashi Foundation, $262,000 for 3 years.
1994-1997 Use of water temperature to reduce stress in broilers and heavy layers. Ministry of Agriculture, $21,000 for 3 years.
1994-1998 Growing market dependence of food security arrangements for pastoralists in southern and eastern Kenya. Netherlands-Israel Research Program (NIRP), $150,000 for 4 years.
1995-1998 Is energy expenditure affected by group size and social rank in free-living Arabian babblers (Turdoides squamiceps)? The Israel Science Foundation (ISF), $113,850 for 3 years.
1997-2000 Field metabolic rate and reproductive success in free-living mammals. United States- Israel Binational Science Foundation (BSF), $120,000 for 3 years.
1998-2001 Development of a new tourist and educational resource in the Arava using the fat sand rat. The Ministry of Science (MOP), $70,000 for 3 years.
1999-2002 Resource diversification and management among coastal fisher-folk in
Kenya. Netherlands-Israel Research Program (NIRP), $100,000 for 4 years.
2000-2005 Establishment of productive rangeland with high-yielding fodder shrubs.
US Agency for International Development (USAID), $150,000 for 5 years.
2001-2004 Saltgrass (Distichlis spicata) – A new salt-resistant forage crop for the
reclamation of salinized soils. US Agency for International Development,
US-Israel AID-CDR-CAR program, $150,000 for 3 years.
2001-2008 Rejuvenation of forests with fodder trees and legume crops to sustain goat
production in Nepal. US Agency for International Development (USAID), $200,000 for 7 years.
2004-2008 Mechanisms of host selection of two species of desert fleas. The Israel Science Foundation (ISF), $150,850 for 4 years.
2006-2009 Indian palm squirrel as an invasive mammalian species in Makhteshim Country – ecological and parasitological aspects. The Ministry of Science (MOP), $70,000 for 3 years.
2007-2010 Use of arid lands by sheep and goats and its effect on primary production The Ministry of Science (MOP). $100,000 for 3 years.
2008-2012 Effect of ectoparasites on energy expenditure and reproductive success in free-living rodents. The Israel Science Foundation (ISF), $200,000 for 4 years.
RESEARCH STUDENTS
1. Meira Levgoren (M.Sc. 1982-1984). Responses to saline drinking water in two species of desert phasianids: the chukar (Alectoris chukar sinaica) and the sand partridge (Ammoperdix heyi).
2. Michael Kam (M.Sc. 1983-1985). Seasonal energy and water budgets of free-living chukars (Alectoris chukar) and sand partridges (Ammoperdix heyi) in the Negev Desert.
3. Nurit Carmi-Winkler (M.Sc. 1983-1985). Seasonal time-energy budget of free-living chukars (Alectoris chukar) in the Negev Desert.
4. Aaron Leeper (M.Sc. 1983-1987). The effect of water flux on the distribution and abundance of the desert snail Trochoidea (Xerocrassa) seetzenii.
5. Arava Hazan (M.Sc. 1984-1987). Energy, water and electrolyte balances of fat sand rats (Psammomys obesus) under laboratory and free-living conditions.
6. Avi Rosenstrauch (Ph.D. 1984-1991). Reduced fertility in roosters with an increase in age: hormonal control and effect of the antiestrogen, clomiphene citrate.
7. Michael Kam (Ph.D. 1986-1991). Utilization of energy for maintenance, growth and reproduction in fat sand rats (Psammomys obesus).
8. Yaffa Zahavi (M.Sc. 1989-1993). Energy and water balances of the fat sand rat (Psammomys obesus) consuming the chenopod, Anabasis articulata.
9. Iris Schneider (M.Sc. 1990-1993). Energy and water balances of pregnant and lactating common spiny mice (Acomys cahirinus).
10. Simi Weil (Ph.D. 1990-1995). Mechanism of spermatocyte retention in testes of aged roosters of low fertility.
11. Avner Anava (Ph.D. 1992-1998). Seasonal water and energy fluxes in Arabian babblers (Turdoides squamiceps), a passerine that inhabits extreme deserts.
12. Orit Kachvan (M.Sc. 1995-1999). The effect of the parasite Loranthus acacia on the growth and survival of Acacia radiana in the Negev Desert.
13. Shirley Cohen Gross (M.Sc. 1998-2002). The relationship between metabolic rate and reproductive success in the desert Sundevall jird (Meriones crassus).
14. Meirong Zhou (M.Sc. 1999-2002). Plant selection and food digestibility of fat sand rats (Psammomys obesus) consuming chenopods.
15. Saher el-Makawi (Ph.D. 2000-2007). Seasonal diet selection and digestibility in sheep and goats inhabiting arid areas.
16. Michal Sarfati (M.Sc. 2001-2003). Host specificity in ectoparasites: flea-rodent physiological effects.
17. Ilan Stavi (M.Sc. 2002-2004). Flock use among Bedouin in “spontaneous” settlements in the Negev.
18. Natella Mirozayan (M.Sc. 2002-2004). Patterns and consequences of host selection in generalist ectoparasites.
19. Abel Ngunguna (M.Sc. 2003-2005). A study of the proposed 2004 social health insurance scheme in Kenya: Is free health care always good for the poor?
20. Ludmilla Yarmolinski (M.Sc. 2003-2006). Effect of weaning time on the growth rate of the spiny mouse (Acomys cahirinus) pup, a precocial rodent.
21. Lusine Ghazaryan (M.Sc. 2004-2006). Aqcuired resistance and cross-resistance against fleas: the effect of flea-host specificity.
22. Anna Hovhanyan (M.Sc. 2004-2006). Fitness-density relationship and intraspecific competition in imago and larval fleas.
23. Luma Nidhi Pandey (M.Sc. 2006-2008). Fodder selection, dietary intake and effect of stylo (Stylosynthes guianensis) supplementation in goats.
24. Vahan Serobyan (M.Sc. 2007-2009). Mechanisms of gender-bias in ectoparasite infestation.
25. Khoren Avetisyan (M.Sc. 2008-2010). Interspecific competition between Negev rodents.
26. Ruzanna Gevorgyan (M.Sc. 2009-2011). Host reproductive status and ectoparasite performance.
27. Ashken Karapetyan (M.Sc. 2009-2011). Between-host phylogenetic distance and mechanisms of host selection in haematophagous parasites: physiological and behavioral aspects.
28. Did Boru Ali (M.Sc. 2010-). Pastoralism changes among the Borana in Southern Ethiopia.
TEACHING RECORD (Department of Life Sciences, formerly Department of Biology)
A. PRESENTLY TEACHING FOLLOWING COURSES
1. Bioenergetics and Metabolism of Mammals and Birds (205-13851) to undergraduates and graduates.
2. Animal-Plant Relationships (205-13781) to undergraduates and graduates.
3. Animal Production in Arid Areas (1-2-2012) to graduates.
B. COURSES TAUGHT IN PAST
1. Reproductive Animal Physiology (205-12041) to undergraduates and graduates (1982-83).
2. Animal Physiology, A (205-11101) to undergraduates (1984-85).
3. Animal Physiology Laboratory (205-12002) to undergraduates and graduates (1984-85 and 1989-90).
4. Aspects of Thermoregulatory Physiology in Ruminants (205-05353) to undergraduates and graduates (1982-1994).
PRESENT ACTIVITIES
1. Livestock production under desert conditions.
2. Energy and water balances in captive and in free-living desert birds and mammals. Use of isotopes and time energy budgets in field studies.
3. Reproduction in captive and free-living desert birds and mammals.
4. Secondary compounds as anti-nutritive agents against grazing herbivores.
5. Biotic and abiotic effects on behavioral and physiological responses of animals.
6. Host – parasite relationships and reciprocal physiological and immunological effects.